標題和重要信息(如名字和證書名稱)使用大寫字母。例如:HONORARY FELLOW- 可以選擇一些正式且經典的字體,如 Times New Roman、Georgia 或 Garamond。
正文內容- 使用小寫和首字母大寫。例如:This certifies that Andrew Shi has successfully obtained the title of Honorary Fellow.- 同樣選擇正式的字體,如 Times New Roman、Georgia 或 Garamond。
否定句 You don’t enjoy dancing. He doesn’t enjoy dancing.
Does he enjoy dancing? Do you enjoy dancing?
但是只有like、love、dislike、hate有两种表达方式如:
He likes dancing. He likes to dance.
Phrases gerunds短句动词-(飞zs 杰瑞s)
afraid of, amazed by, angry at, bad at, excited about, famous for, good at, happy about, interested in, look forward to, nervous about, plan on, pleased about, sad about, talk about, thank (someone) for, think about, tired of, worried about,
(2)一般过去时 Past Tense:(I did)
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
1、肯定句“主语+行为动词过去式+其他 ” 或 “主语+was/were+其他”
(I、he、she、it /用 was 或 you、we、they / 用were-我儿)
2、否定式:① was / were +not;② 在行为动词前加 didn’t + 还原行为动词
3、一般疑问句:
① Was / Were +主语+表语? ② Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他?
4、肯定句用used to 与提问句统一用Did+use to使用;表示过去的爱好状况,现在不是真的。
Did you use to arrive late?yes, you did. You used to arrive late.
如:
Did he work for us?He didn’t work for us. He worked for us.
She often came to help us in those days.
I didn’t know you like coffee.
I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
He always went to work by bike last week.
Did he listen to the radio yesterday?
Where did you go last week?
What were you doing yesterday moming? I was watching TV.
(3)一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are / going to + do动词原形;will / shall + do动词原形.
否定句型:主语 + will/shall + not + 动词原形… (will not=won’t;shall not=shan’t)
一般疑问句: Shall/Will + 主语 + 动词原形…
其他形式:
am/is/are/ about to + do; am/is/ are to + do;
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
be able to +不定式; be about to+动词原形
例:He is going to work for us.
He will work for us;
He is coming. 这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达将来时态的例子!
Mary won’t go to the party.玛丽不会去参加晚会。
Will you be at our next meeting? 我们下次开会你来吗?
Will you be free tonight? —Yes,I will./No,I won’t(be free).今晚你有空吗? ——是,我有空。/不,我没有空。
特殊疑问句型:疑问代词/疑问副词 + shall/will + 主语 + 动词原形…
Who will play in the basketball match? 谁将在这场篮球比赛中上场? (就主语提问,陈述句语序) What will people say? 人们会怎么议论呢? (倒装语序)
如:
Will he come? 他来吗?
Will they be here tomorrow? —Yes,they will./No,they won’t.他们明天到这儿来吗? ——是,他们明天来。/不,他们明天不来。
Shall we be back in time? —Yes,we shall./No,we shall not.我们将及时回去吗? ——是的。/不,我们不赶回去。
Who will play in the basketball match? 谁将在这场篮球比赛中上场? (就主语提问,陈述句语序)
What will people say? 人们会怎么议论呢? (倒装语序)
If I have time tomorrow,I think I’ll get a haircut.如果我明天有时间,我想去理个发。
He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
(4)过去将来时
be(was,were)going to+动词原形
be(was,were)about to+动词原形
be(was,were)to+动词原形
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
He would work for us.
过去一般将来时(would/ should do):
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:was/were / going to + do;would/should + do.
否定形式:was/were/ not + going to + do; would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Naning.
用法:
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)
I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.
我听说到七月份,你就在这里教了10年书了。
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)
举例:
英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)
现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:
一般现在时:I listen
现在进行时:I am listening
过去进行时:I was listening
现在完成时:I have listened
现在完成进行时:I have been listening
一般将来时:I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
将来进行时:I shall be listening
一般过去时:I listened
过去完成时:I had listened
过去完成进行时:I had been listening
将来完成时: I shall have listened
将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening
英语中不存在属格
一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“’s”结尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:The King of Sparta’s wife was called Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。)如果“’s”是属格,那么“妻子”(wife)就属于“斯巴达”(Sparta),但是“’s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”(Sparta),而是表示“斯巴达国王”(King of Sparta)。
上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。在古英语中,ban的属格形式是banes。后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用“’s”表示的“bone’s”。在18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像“the King’s horse”是“the King, his horse”的缩写。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中的“e”。
英语和“与格”
在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很好的例子是单词methinks(据我看来)。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化:me(与格的人称代词)+thinks(to seem,与动词词组to think很接近的一个词组)。 与格在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在“He built me a snowman.”中一样。在这个例子中,“me”是与格。
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用別的表达方式:瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间連用;瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的轉换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态轉换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的轉换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
American Ci Bei Temple Inc Established in New York City on June 30, 2024, American Ci Bei Temple Inc is a Mahayana Buddhist Zen organization under the spiritual leadership of Venerable Master Hongyuna Shi. Rooted in the compassionate spirit of the Mahayana tradition, the temple serves as a sanctuary for cultivating wisdom, compassion, and inner clarity. As the temple’s spiritual mentor, Master Hong Yun guides and inspires the fourfold assembly of disciples in the integrated practice of Zen and Pure Land teachings. Through this balanced path, practitioners are encouraged to deepen their insight, purify their minds, and progress toward spiritual liberation. Dedicated to transcending ignorance, promoting the righteous Dharma, enlightening society, and benefiting all sentient beings, American Ci Bei Temple Inc strives to bring compassion and clarity to the modern world—offering a place where individuals can discover peace, purpose, and the transformative power of the Dharma.